Hyperglycemia occur when there is too little insulin or too much food/stress. Classic signs include extreme thirst, frequent trips to the bathroom, dry mouth, blurred vision, headaches, and feeling unusually tired. If blood sugar remains high (above 250 mg/dL) for an extended period, the body can produce ketones, which can lead to Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA).

Unopened insulin pens should be stored in the refrigerator at 2°C–8°C (36°F–46°F). Never freeze insulin or place it directly against the freezer compartment, as freezing can damage it. Once opened, follow the manufacturer’s instructions for storage and expiry, as the in-use period may vary by insulin type and pen.

Yes, children with Type 1 Diabetes can enjoy sweets and treats occasionally, just like any other child. T1D is managed by matching insulin doses to the food eaten. When having cake or sweets, you must count the carbohydrates and give a matching dose of rapid-acting insulin. However, sweets should be eaten as part of a balanced meal rather than on an empty stomach to prevent blood sugar spikes.

A School Hypo Box should contain fast-acting carbohydrates such as glucose powder to treat low blood sugar quickly. It should also include a backup glucose meter, emergency glucagon, the child’s diabetes care plan, and emergency contact numbers, along with clear instructions for school staff.

If blood sugar remains high (above 250 mg/dL) after taking a correction dose, check for ketones first. High blood sugar with positive ketones can lead to Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). If ketones are negative, the high sugar could be due to a clogged pump cannula, a bad injection, or spoiled insulin. Drink plenty of water, consider using a syringe or new pen in a different site, and monitor closely.